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Construction and skin physiology organizations
Skin is the largest organ of the body, to carry out necessary maintenance of health and aesthetic needs functions. Healthy skin should be micro containing moisture, soft and easy bending, acidic and without defects and disease, and the appearance of the skin or touching both organizations should be mild, tender.
The average thickness of 0.07-2 mm from the skin. Eyelid skin and the skin of the palm and sole of foot thick skin most. In the skin of any part of the constant pressure will make a skin thicken, thereby gaining more protection.
Adult skin covered an area of 1.69 square metres. Weight is about 2.73 kg. Skin flexible, bacterial resistance to the invasion and under normal circumstances could own rebirth, and its role as the body's protective layer to prevent bacteria and other harmful substances into the body. Sensory nerve fibers in the skin to make the skin pressure, touch, temperature and pain respond to the four basic phases.
Each one square cm skin contains millions of cells and the complex network of blood vessels and nerves, in addition, contains thin skin, that is Maonang, and sudoriferous Pizhixian minor openings. Pizhixian to manufacture fat, can see skin. Most skin problems can be from the skin epidermis speaking out. But problems could begin by leather. Formed by a gelatinous fibres leather, 10% of the skin gelatin can be intensity link. Once into soft gelatin fibre for lost time, the skin will sag and wrinkle.
Skin structure theory
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Skin of each character
1.Table cortex
1Cuticle : cuticle layer, the most, cuticle cells containing cutin protein, fat cutin, some time after ageing, the new cuticle itself off again saying, cuticle not as long off for the skin to turn yellow hair. Absorptive capacity declined. 24-28 days updated. Skin cells in the cuticle contained 30% of the natural wet-factor, it is blind and techniques.
2Transparent layer : in cuticle, only palm possibility of cutin thick part is, the role is more than two-tier free access to the skin to prevent water to prevent skin parch and split.
3Particle layer : in a transparent layer, the particle layer cells nearing senescence death was a cuticle cells, the cells containing granular materials, light refraction, can reduce ultraviolet injected into the body.
4Ti layer : in particle layer, many Shenjingmosao, perceived external stimulation.
5Sun : at the superior level, most of the cuticle layer is the dermis waves jointed by a basement cell and melanin cells. Epidermis cells are exposed to the growth cells.
Melanin functions : melanin particles can absorb sunlight and the reflection of UV prevent ultraviolet injected into the skin deep, damaged skin flexibility. Outside the strong ultraviolet skin secretion melanin more skin darken.
2.Dermis layer : the connective tissue form containing the following main fibre.
1Jiaoyuan fibres : Jiaoyuan containing protein, a certain contraction.
2DuPont fibers : containing protein flexibility, a certain flexibility to allow Qianla after Jiaoyuan fibre restitution. Jiaoyuan fibre, yarn fibers to the skin with good flexibility and elasticity.
3Matrix : a polysaccharide material, filling in fibre organizations and between cells, water, large leather-water content, accounting for 60% of all skin organizations, if less than 60% of skin moisture, dry skin and lack of water is a wrinkle.
3.In the deepest skin tissue from the large number of fat cells and loose connective tissue composition containing rich vascular, nerve, and sudoriferous Pizhixian such role.
1.Pizhixian : fat in the skin layer, Pizhixian secretion Pizhi, catheter openings in hair beams, Pizhi via catheter into hair beams, and then booked through the thin skin surface.
2.Sudoriferous : fat in the skin layer, sweat secretion, a green skin, regulate discharges of toxic substances such techniques.
3.Pizhi membrane : Pizhi sweat mixed with the skin surface form Pizhi membrane can see the skin to prevent water evaporation, the skin of a weak acid with disinfection, Yijun.
Skin value
A. Normal skin pH value : 4.5-6.5; b. PH value of dry skin : 4.5-5.0; c. Neutral skin pH value : 5.0-5.6; d. Greasiness skin pH value : 5.6-6.6
General material pH value => outside alkaline nor acidic, and are neutral. (natural state)
1.Analysis of the nature of skin
1.Neutral skin : pH value of 5.0-5.6 is ideal skin health, was particularly prevalent in the enrolment of girls in the former. Pizhi secretion modest volume, the skin is dry or oil skin ruddy delicate, flexible, thin smaller, not sensitive to external stimulation.
2.Dry sexual skin : pH value 4.5-5.0. Dry skin of the White, thin small without apparent. Pizhi secretion is limited in quantity, drier skin, small wrinkle-prone. Science Biaojian, easily broken. Sensitive to external stimulation, Yi has erythema. Dry skin of the two sub-water and fuel. Sexual water dry skin after the age of 35 and was particularly prevalent in the elderly; Fuel dry skin was particularly prevalent in young people sexual.
3.Greasiness skin : pH value 5.6-6.6. Greasiness of skin color deeper, thin trunks, Pizhi secretion of many skin oily light, easy to shrivel, is not sensitive to outside stimulation. But it took Cuochuang Health powder. Was particularly prevalent in the enrolment of young people.
4.Mixed skin : : greasiness of the skin and dry two characteristics. Facial expression for t-zone (forehead, irritation, mouth Week, the indictment) skin a greasiness, and the remaining parts were dry. Mixed skin was particularly prevalent in the 25-35 age group.
2 Skin analysis age
1.Adolescent skin 2.Period of maturity skin 3.Along with the skin
3Analysis of skin problems
Freckle
Freckle is because the moon is yellow and Sparrow eggs. Occur frequently in the face, neck and back exposed parts. If made in the face, in the face and encompasses more. Remember : it is not higher than the skin surface, the marginal boundaries clearly perfunctory, usually symmetry, fallen strongly, increasing solar, natural tension is reduced. Freckle number seen in the 5-7 year age group, will not occur before. To the significant increase in enrolment in adult after the cessation of development. The disease occurred more women than men. Especially young women white skin.
Why is there freckle? Mainly due to the genetic. This family base bottom melanin skin cells are not many (even someone as a relative reduction), but its functions are very active. So Yi secretion of the more melanin, and secondly because the ultraviolet sunlight exposure, the secretion accelerated melanin cell function. In recent years, due to the rapid industrial development, coupled with several large sunspot explosion damaged the ozone layer so that exposure to the atmosphere on Earth and the sun ultraviolet increased strongly, resulting in an increase in people suffering from the freckle.
Huangheban
Occurred in facial patterns, nose and the amount, the size of lips, and patterns vary, of a tan or brown pigment white, a skin disease affecting the U.S.. Classified together major factors :
a. Middle-aged beyond : As adrenal gland cortex functions diminish its adrenal gland cortex hormone secretions, causing increased pituitary secretion melanin cells stimulate Su stimulate melanin pigment cells generated Cod.
b. Vitamin A, C, E lacking. Vitamin a can inhibit tyrosine enzyme, tyrosine and its role in the formation of pigment can not; Vitamin C can inhibit the formation of tyrosine-Palestinian oxidation and prevent its oxidation Pakistani pigment; A vitamin e can promote the absorption and thus indirectly prevent the formation of pigment. Therefore, supplementing vitamin A, C, E to reduce pigment grouper with good results.
c. Intimate oestrogenic and pregnancy hormones can increase skin pigment deepening, ie intimate both hormones increased, so have pregnancy grouper (Hudieban), the most common post-natal will gradually disappear. Because contraceptives and pregnancy hormone mostly oestrogenic substances, the oral contraceptives would also face a pigment classes, but as long as out, the general will gradually dissipated.
d.Intimate oestrogenic and pregnancy hormones can increase skin pigment deepening, ie intimate both hormones increased, so have pregnancy grouper (Hudieban), the most common post-natal will gradually disappear. Because contraceptives and pregnancy hormone mostly oestrogenic substances, the oral contraceptives would also face a pigment classes, but as long as out, the general will gradually dissipated.
e.Sun. To the promotion of solar ultraviolet tyrosine oxidation into melanin, so too is a Huangheban weather an important factor.
f. Other factors also cause pigment calmly many, such as hepatitis, tuberculosis, poor mood, malnutrition, chronic alcoholism.
Older Cod
Older grouper is a common skin problem in the elderly, with the main cause unknown illness related to the increase are benign tumours generally not Wubian. Skin characteristics : Rise of olive brown or black white, a few millimetres to a few centimetres in size, the surface of crude, a Rutouzhuang. Occur frequently in the face and back places.
Aging increases : the human body is not bad electronic matching of cell organization has a strong role damage can lead to skin ageing. Plane intimate a superoxide dismutase (initials ZnSOD), captured Chaoyang anion radicals, the organ protection organizations, and a clear effect of tyrosine Meihuo. But as people age growth, increasing stress and superoxide dismutase are getting growth and decline. Excessive stress on the skin fibres organizations, such as the normal cells organizations and Pizhixian physical structure damage, thus affecting the skin to absorb nutrition functions and accelerate the aging process of skin, pigment calmly, forming the grouper with skin ageing.
Riels's black change disease: Occurred in the face of pigment calmly disease. Made good on his forehead, cheek bones and the Department of Jingze, a powdery pigment Cod Linxie.
[skin damage] Network configuration for the pigment calmly grouper, grey purple to purple brown, and normal skin realm not clear.
[incidence reasons] Cause is not clear, it may be a Guangminxing dermatitis, some patients often use sugar cosmetics history, the study found that in recent years certain spices cosmetics, preservatives and surface reactive substances may lead to skin a Guangminxing dermatitis caused by the pigment melanin metabolic disorders calmly. In addition some women have pigment changes in the menstrual period, with the possible sexual Xianchuiti, adrenal gland cortex, thyroid, and other endocrine disrupting its functions.
Khan and neoplasms The disease is within the catheter to small sudoriferous epidermis divide the tumors.
Diagnosis : the disease diagnosis easier, part of the next eyelid, damage to or short brown colour, a surface wax kind sunlight, and skin-intensive rather than integration to be confirmed.
Bianpingyou Is a common, benign epidermis caused by the virus, new life. Of the virus causing human nipple. Deoxidization virus is a nucleic acid, a free battle AIDS Section.
Wart main parts are made good enough, the back of the hand, followed by the first back, uneven distribution function, the size of a sesame flat small Qiuzhen, generally olive or near normal skin color.
Acne : Acne is a common skin disease of young people, morbidity caused Cuochuang four factors : Pizhi increased Pizhixian of obstruction, bacteria, inflammation. In adolescence, regardless of their sex, hormone secretion more vigorous, so Pizhixianmaonang specifically developed Pizhixian secretion volume will increase, excessive siltation in Maonang Pizhi within a resin plug type, resulting from a difficult Pizhi Pizhixian secretion of obstruction, the role of oxidation in air pollution and dust of the original deposit in the Cuochuangbangzhuang bacillary Maonang large number hyperplasia breeding. A melting block decomposition of the three acid glycerine Pizhi produce ionizing fatty acid stimulate Maonang Maonang wall injury and cause inflammation and breakdown. Siltation of the leather Pizhi entering a response within a Maonang surrounding inflammation Cuochuang
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